Demonstrate vision, direction and guidance: Difference between revisions

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Campus-level Leaders can be key players in the implementation of the system’s vision and direction for the subject. They are the links between the System Leaders/ Program Coordinators and teachers, thus having considerable impacts on how successfully the system vision and direction are translated into action. In order to effectively direct the activities of the department toward the system’s vision, Campus-level Leaders need to fulfill the following requirements.
Campus-level Leaders can be key players in the implementation of the system’s vision and direction for the subject. They are the links between the System Leaders/ Program Coordinators and teachers, thus having considerable impacts on how successfully the system vision and direction are translated into action. In order to effectively direct the activities of the department toward the system’s vision, Campus-level Leaders need to fulfill the following requirements.
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<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
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<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''What is differentiation?'''</span></div>
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Showing a depth of understanding of the subject vision and the curriculum'''</span></div>
Differentiation is usually presented as a teaching approach where teachers think of learners as individuals and learning as a personalised process. According to Alyce Hunter in ''Differentiated Instruction in the English Classroom'' “Differentiated instruction is a recognition that students vary in their needs, interests, abilities, and prior knowledge. It's a springboard from which students work toward the same ends, but they use different content, processes, and products to get there. It's all about successfully teaching each student. And it can be done in the regular English classroom.”
In order to lead the curriculum emphasis in line with the school’s and the system’s initiatives, it is a must that Campus-level Leaders understand the curriculum fully and commit to a shared educational vision focussed on providing quality learning outcomes for all students. They need to demonstrate a good understanding of how the ESL curriculum works as well as a sophisticated understanding of the school and system’s policies related to ESL. More specifically, they need to obtain deep insights into the following aspects of the curriculum:
 
 
Although precise definitions can vary, typically the core aim of differentiation is viewed as ensuring that all learners, no matter their ability, interest or context, make progress towards their learning intentions.  It is about using different approaches and appreciating the differences in learners to help them make progress.  Teachers therefore need to be responsive, and willing and able, to adapt their teaching to meet the needs of their learners.
 
 
There is no one unique style teachers should adopt. Teachers do not need to differentiate everything for everyone every day; instead, they should select appropriate moments in the instructional sequence to differentiate. In other words, effective differentiation is part of an experienced teacher’s daily lesson plan. It is important that teachers are able to respond to the needs of their learners and use the techniques they deem to be most suitable.
 
 
It can be difficult to fit in all the syllabus content and support all learners, keeping them engaged in their learning. This is a challenge for teachers the world over.  Although there is no single formula that creates a differentiated classroom, when differentiation is in place, opportunities for innovation and ongoing reflection are created that boost teaching and learning in a way which  would not be possible in a ‘one size fits all’ lesson.
 
 
Effective differentiation is heavily reliant on teachers being able to respond to each individual and fully understand their needs to best support their next steps. The viability of this will depend on each teacher’s specific context, motivation, obstacles to overcome and training.
 
 
There is no single, optimum way to conduct differentiated teaching. However, we can provide a selection of strategies to help teachers to become more confident in their teaching practice.


Differentiation is predominantly supported in the following ways:
*'''''Subject aims''''': to make sure all of the activities of the department are geared towards the end point
 
*'''''ESL standards''''': to align all of the department’s teaching and learning activities with the standards
*differentiation by questioning (embedding questioning strategies to inform better next steps)
*'''''Key approaches to teaching and learning''''': to orient the teaching activities of teachers, organize teacher training on appropriate teaching methods.<br />
*differentiation by grouping (using mixed ability groups)
*differentiation by outcomes (multiple modes of learner output or how learners demonstrate/show their learning)
*differentiation by task (additional worksheets).<br />


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<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
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<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Role of the learner'''</span></div>
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Deliver training to teachers, ensuring that teachers are fully aware of the subject aims and the curriculum and are able to disseminate them to parents and students consistently'''</span></div>
Understanding individual learners is vital for successful differentiation. In order to be effective, figuring out what the individual already knows or can do is a vital step in the process.
Campus-level Leaders need to actively inform and ask teachers to carefully read the information about the curriculum provided on WikiESL and on the mapping portal. In addition, training sessions should be delivered on a regular basis to discuss the crucial contents of the curriculum in depth, ensuring that staff are clear about the importance and role of the ESL subject in contributing to students’ development and future success. The training contents should cover, but are not limited to the following areas:
Getting to know learners is, however, more than just finding out what they know. It is also about a broader understanding of learner difference. Learners and their learning can be different for a number of reasons: they may have different levels of interest in the topic; they may have differences in their levels of motivation, their ability to remember information, their confidence, the accuracy of their handwriting, their levels of vocabulary acquisition.
Having knowledge of the individual helps teachers to plan for learning rather than teaching, and ensures that they are always supporting progress. In a differentiated classroom, teachers and learners collaborate in learning and learners have ownership and responsibility. Offering choice can encourage ownership of individual work and learning, creating a learning environment in which learners ‘have no fear’ and apply effort.
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* Induction training to the ESL subject and the ESL curriculum
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* Training focusing on analyzing the standards/ outcomes of the ESL subject
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* Training on how to organize professional activities in alignment with the subject vision and key approaches
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
* Training on how to deploy available resources to maximize the effectiveness of outcome-based and competence-based teaching and learning<br />
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Differentiation at Vinschool'''</span></div>


Differentiation is one of the most important criteria in classroom observation rubrics at Vinschool. Differentiated factors are required not only in lesson planning but also in real teaching practice. The highest judgment for differentiation is given when “content, teacher delivery, instructions, activities, and assessments are differentiated, as appropriate, for individual learners based on the teacher's prior understanding of their students' abilities” (extracted from [https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/16IR96HOLt680Hb0QVQOxXVFgMNywjHs2 Vinschool’s Classroom Observation Rubrics])<br />
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<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Scaffolding'''</span></div>
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Supervise the communication to parents and students, making sure they are fully informed of the subject aims, subject specifics and students’ learning paths'''</span></div>
Scaffolding, a metaphor to describe the process of learning support that enables learners to go beyond what they are initially able to do, can be a key component of successful differentiation.
 
 
Similar to the scaffolding used in construction to support workers as they work on a specific task, instructional scaffolds are temporary support structures teachers put in place to assist students in accomplishing new tasks and concepts they could not typically achieve on their own. Once students are able to complete or master the task, the scaffolding is gradually removed or fades away—the responsibility of learning shifts from the instructor to the student.It also should be noted that scaffolding is a site for learning opportunities, and is not simply a way of modeling, supporting, or practising interaction.
 


Applying scaffolding means identifying and providing an appropriate level of challenge in classes, which is key to our students achieving learning outcomes and reaching their full potential in our classrooms. Lev Vygotsky's concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) can help us understand our role in identifying where our learners' capabilities are now and providing them with the high challenge - high support lessons they need to progress.


The campus-level leaders play a key role in ensuring that parents and students are always ready for the challenges of the subject. In light of the subject orientation and goals, they develop implementation and monitoring plans. They need to collaborate with relevant parties (homeroom teachers, academic counselors, etc.) so as to warrant consistent and coherent school-parent communication. In so doing, they need to:


Just like differentiation, scaffolding is displayed in the classroom observation rubric as an important criterion. It is expected that teachers can “identify the zone of proximal development (ZPD) of each individual/group for effective and diverse scaffolding before, during and after class” (extracted from Vinschool’s Classroom Observation Rubrics).
* inform parents of the subject’s key content knowledge at the beginning of the academic year
* organize workshops to introduce the curriculum and subject requirements to parents at the beginning of the school year
* send assessment details and exam guides to students and parents prior to an important assessment<br />


== ''Guidelines for Implementing Scaffolding'' ==
The following points can be used as guidelines when implementing instructional scaffolding (adapted from Hogan and Pressley, 1997).
* Select suitable tasks that match curriculum goals, course learning objectives and students’ needs.
* Allow students to help create instructional goals (this can increase students’ motivation and their commitment to learning).
* Consider students’ backgrounds and prior knowledge to assess their progress – material that is too easy will quickly bore students and reduce motivation. On the other hand, material that is too difficult can turn off students’ interest levels).
* Use a variety of supports as students progress through a task (e.g., prompts, questions, hints, stories, models, visual scaffolding “including pointing, representational gestures, diagrams, and other methods of highlighting visual information” (Alibali, M, 2006).
* Provide encouragement and praise as well as ask questions and have students explain their progress to help them stay focused on the goal.
* Monitor student progress through feedback (in addition to instructor feedback, have students summarize what they have accomplished so they are aware of their progress and what they have yet to complete).
* Provide encouragement and praise as well as ask questions...
* Create a welcoming, safe, and supportive learning environment that encourages students to take risks and try alternatives (everyone should feel comfortable expressing their thoughts without fear of negative responses).
* Help students become less dependent on instructional support as they work on tasks and encourage them to practice the task in different contexts.
(''Adapted from Northern Illinois University'')
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<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Group work'''</span></div>
Teachers should employ variety in their classrooms, using a mixture of whole-class instruction, one-to-one work, small group work and peer tutoring. Group work is suggested by many as a good way to differentiate as learners working in groups are able to create knowledge with their peers, help each other to learn, use discussion and
apportion tasks based on the relative strengths of the group.
 
 
A balance needs to be met between the use of group work and teacher instruction. As John Hattie (2008) argues, direct instruction done properly has a greater impact on learning than group work done incorrectly or inappropriately.
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Latest revision as of 05:08, 15 September 2022

Campus-level Leaders can be key players in the implementation of the system’s vision and direction for the subject. They are the links between the System Leaders/ Program Coordinators and teachers, thus having considerable impacts on how successfully the system vision and direction are translated into action. In order to effectively direct the activities of the department toward the system’s vision, Campus-level Leaders need to fulfill the following requirements.


Showing a depth of understanding of the subject vision and the curriculum

In order to lead the curriculum emphasis in line with the school’s and the system’s initiatives, it is a must that Campus-level Leaders understand the curriculum fully and commit to a shared educational vision focussed on providing quality learning outcomes for all students. They need to demonstrate a good understanding of how the ESL curriculum works as well as a sophisticated understanding of the school and system’s policies related to ESL. More specifically, they need to obtain deep insights into the following aspects of the curriculum:

  • Subject aims: to make sure all of the activities of the department are geared towards the end point
  • ESL standards: to align all of the department’s teaching and learning activities with the standards
  • Key approaches to teaching and learning: to orient the teaching activities of teachers, organize teacher training on appropriate teaching methods.
Deliver training to teachers, ensuring that teachers are fully aware of the subject aims and the curriculum and are able to disseminate them to parents and students consistently

Campus-level Leaders need to actively inform and ask teachers to carefully read the information about the curriculum provided on WikiESL and on the mapping portal. In addition, training sessions should be delivered on a regular basis to discuss the crucial contents of the curriculum in depth, ensuring that staff are clear about the importance and role of the ESL subject in contributing to students’ development and future success. The training contents should cover, but are not limited to the following areas:

  • Induction training to the ESL subject and the ESL curriculum
  • Training focusing on analyzing the standards/ outcomes of the ESL subject
  • Training on how to organize professional activities in alignment with the subject vision and key approaches
  • Training on how to deploy available resources to maximize the effectiveness of outcome-based and competence-based teaching and learning
Supervise the communication to parents and students, making sure they are fully informed of the subject aims, subject specifics and students’ learning paths


The campus-level leaders play a key role in ensuring that parents and students are always ready for the challenges of the subject. In light of the subject orientation and goals, they develop implementation and monitoring plans. They need to collaborate with relevant parties (homeroom teachers, academic counselors, etc.) so as to warrant consistent and coherent school-parent communication. In so doing, they need to:

  • inform parents of the subject’s key content knowledge at the beginning of the academic year
  • organize workshops to introduce the curriculum and subject requirements to parents at the beginning of the school year
  • send assessment details and exam guides to students and parents prior to an important assessment