Make evaluations and reports: Difference between revisions

From ESL
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "{| style="margin:0 0 0 0; background:none; width:100%; margin-top:3px; background:transparent;" | style="width:50%; border:2px solid #52a084; vertical-align:top; color:#000; p...")
 
No edit summary
 
Line 3: Line 3:
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''What is differentiation?'''</span></div>
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Teacher evaluation'''</span></div>The Heads of Department and School Board will use the Classroom Observation Rubric (COR) in a rigorous manner to provide evaluation of teachers’ performance. The campus-level leaders will be advised by the Program Department during the evaluation process to be able to carry out this work independently, accurately and efficiently.
Differentiation is usually presented as a teaching approach where teachers think of learners as individuals and learning as a personalised process. According to Alyce Hunter in ''Differentiated Instruction in the English Classroom'' “Differentiated instruction is a recognition that students vary in their needs, interests, abilities, and prior knowledge. It's a springboard from which students work toward the same ends, but they use different content, processes, and products to get there. It's all about successfully teaching each student. And it can be done in the regular English classroom.




Although precise definitions can vary, typically the core aim of differentiation is viewed as ensuring that all learners, no matter their ability, interest or context, make progress towards their learning intentions. It is about using different approaches and appreciating the differences in learners to help them make progress.  Teachers therefore need to be responsive, and willing and able, to adapt their teaching to meet the needs of their learners.
In addition to formal evaluation, CORs can be used for feedback sessions, which lays a good basis for training and professional development. The COR helps administrators guide teachers on how teachers are assessed in class time and provide advice on how to make adjustments in teaching methods.




There is no one unique style teachers should adopt. Teachers do not need to differentiate everything for everyone every day; instead, they should select appropriate moments in the instructional sequence to differentiate. In other words, effective differentiation is part of an experienced teacher’s daily lesson plan. It is important that teachers are able to respond to the needs of their learners and use the techniques they deem to be most suitable.
The effects of the COR will be maximized if it is used regularly so that there is a database to help administrators gain both a holistic and detailed view of the teachers’ capacity.<br />
 
 
It can be difficult to fit in all the syllabus content and support all learners, keeping them engaged in their learning. This is a challenge for teachers the world over.  Although there is no single formula that creates a differentiated classroom, when differentiation is in place, opportunities for innovation and ongoing reflection are created that boost teaching and learning in a way which  would not be possible in a ‘one size fits all’ lesson.
 
 
Effective differentiation is heavily reliant on teachers being able to respond to each individual and fully understand their needs to best support their next steps. The viability of this will depend on each teacher’s specific context, motivation, obstacles to overcome and training.
 
 
There is no single, optimum way to conduct differentiated teaching. However, we can provide a selection of strategies to help teachers to become more confident in their teaching practice.
 
Differentiation is predominantly supported in the following ways:
 
*differentiation by questioning (embedding questioning strategies to inform better next steps)
*differentiation by grouping (using mixed ability groups)
*differentiation by outcomes (multiple modes of learner output or how learners demonstrate/show their learning)
*differentiation by task (additional worksheets).<br />
 
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
|}<!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --> 
|}
 
{| style="margin:0 0 0 0; background:none; width:100%; margin-top:3px; background:transparent;"
| style="width:50%; border:2px solid #52a084; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 20px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:5px;" |
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Role of the learner'''</span></div>
Understanding individual learners is vital for successful differentiation. In order to be effective, figuring out what the individual already knows or can do is a vital step in the process.
Getting to know learners is, however, more than just finding out what they know. It is also about a broader understanding of learner difference. Learners and their learning can be different for a number of reasons: they may have different levels of interest in the topic; they may have differences in their levels of motivation, their ability to remember information, their confidence, the accuracy of their handwriting, their levels of vocabulary acquisition.
Having knowledge of the individual helps teachers to plan for learning rather than teaching, and ensures that they are always supporting progress. In a differentiated classroom, teachers and learners collaborate in learning and learners have ownership and responsibility. Offering choice can encourage ownership of individual work and learning, creating a learning environment in which learners ‘have no fear’ and apply effort.
<br />
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
|}<!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --> 
|}
 
{| style="margin:0 0 0 0; background:none; width:100%; margin-top:3px; background:transparent;"
| style="width:50%; border:2px solid #52a084; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 20px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:5px;" |
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Differentiation at Vinschool'''</span></div>
 
 
Differentiation is one of the most important criteria in classroom observation rubrics at Vinschool. Differentiated factors are required not only in lesson planning but also in real teaching practice. The highest judgment for differentiation is given when “content, teacher delivery, instructions, activities, and assessments are differentiated, as appropriate, for individual learners based on the teacher's prior understanding of their students' abilities” (extracted from [https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/16IR96HOLt680Hb0QVQOxXVFgMNywjHs2 Vinschool’s Classroom Observation Rubrics])<br />
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
Line 64: Line 19:
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Scaffolding'''</span></div>
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Curriculum Evaluation'''</span></div>
Scaffolding, a metaphor to describe the process of learning support that enables learners to go beyond what they are initially able to do, can be a key component of successful differentiation.
Curriculum evaluation is essential in the process of implementing any curriculum with the purpose of deciding whether the adopted curriculum is producing the intended outcomes. It also helps identify areas in need of improvement or change so that the revision and updates are made for a better version of the curriculum.




Similar to the scaffolding used in construction to support workers as they work on a specific task, instructional scaffolds are temporary support structures teachers put in place to assist students in accomplishing new tasks and concepts they could not typically achieve on their own. Once students are able to complete or master the task, the scaffolding is gradually removed or fades away—the responsibility of learning shifts from the instructor to the student.It also should be noted that scaffolding is a site for learning opportunities, and is not simply a way of modeling, supporting, or practising interaction.
The fundamental concerns of curriculum evaluation relate to:


* Effectiveness and feasibility of translating the curriculum framework and policy into educational practices
* Status of curriculum contents and practices in real contexts
* The achievement of the aims of the program


Applying scaffolding means identifying and providing an appropriate level of challenge in classes, which is key to our students achieving learning outcomes and reaching their full potential in our classrooms. Lev Vygotsky's concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) can help us understand our role in identifying where our learners' capabilities are now and providing them with the high challenge - high support lessons they need to progress.


At the campus level, curriculum evaluation is an internal process conducted by teachers, heads of departments and school boards. It involves a stage of team discussion when all stakeholders collaborate to:


Just like differentiation, scaffolding is displayed in the classroom observation rubric as an important criterion. It is expected that teachers can “identify the zone of proximal development (ZPD) of each individual/group for effective and diverse scaffolding before, during and after class” (extracted from Vinschool’s Classroom Observation Rubrics).
* draw out key insights to inform and improve the future application
* share opinions and experiences and thus gaining deeper understanding of the curriculum
* make recommendations for improving the curriculum




== ''Guidelines for Implementing Scaffolding'' ==
For effective collaborative reflection, the following steps should be followed:
The following points can be used as guidelines when implementing instructional scaffolding (adapted from Hogan and Pressley, 1997).


* Select suitable tasks that match curriculum goals, course learning objectives and students’ needs.
* STEP 1: The Heads of Department communicate the necessity of this regular reflective practice and provide guidance to team reflection.
* Allow students to help create instructional goals (this can increase students’ motivation and their commitment to learning).
* STEP 2: Teachers teaching the same stage in each campus discuss and reflect on the units/lessons in the curriculum.
* Consider students’ backgrounds and prior knowledge to assess their progress – material that is too easy will quickly bore students and reduce motivation. On the other hand, material that is too difficult can turn off students’ interest levels).
* STEP 3: The Heads of Department/level leaders make good notes of the discussion and fill in the survey form to send reports to the Department Program.<br />
* Use a variety of supports as students progress through a task (e.g., prompts, questions, hints, stories, models, visual scaffolding “including pointing, representational gestures, diagrams, and other methods of highlighting visual information” (Alibali, M, 2006).
* Provide encouragement and praise as well as ask questions and have students explain their progress to help them stay focused on the goal.
* Monitor student progress through feedback (in addition to instructor feedback, have students summarize what they have accomplished so they are aware of their progress and what they have yet to complete).
* Provide encouragement and praise as well as ask questions...


* Create a welcoming, safe, and supportive learning environment that encourages students to take risks and try alternatives (everyone should feel comfortable expressing their thoughts without fear of negative responses).
* Help students become less dependent on instructional support as they work on tasks and encourage them to practice the task in different contexts.
(''Adapted from Northern Illinois University'')
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
Line 101: Line 52:
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Group work'''</span></div>
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Reporting'''</span></div>
Teachers should employ variety in their classrooms, using a mixture of whole-class instruction, one-to-one work, small group work and peer tutoring. Group work is suggested by many as a good way to differentiate as learners working in groups are able to create knowledge with their peers, help each other to learn, use discussion and
apportion tasks based on the relative strengths of the group.




A balance needs to be met between the use of group work and teacher instruction. As John Hattie (2008) argues, direct instruction done properly has a greater impact on learning than group work done incorrectly or inappropriately.
Heads of Department take responsibility for reporting to the School Board, the Program Department and the System Leaders.
<br />
 
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
School Boards take responsibility for reporting to the System Leaders.
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
 
|}<!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --> 
'''Reporting Principles'''
|}
 
{| style="margin:0 0 0 0; background:none; width:100%; margin-top:3px; background:transparent;"
Campus-level leaders are responsible for ensuring the quality of program implementation at the campus. This means they must play the role of verifying and approving their teaching team's educational work, evaluating teachers and reporting regularly. During this process, the Program Department will act as a professional advisor to the campus’ management staff.
| style="width:50%; border:2px solid #52a084; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 20px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:5px;" |
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Group work'''</span></div>
Teachers should employ variety in their classrooms, using a mixture of whole-class instruction, one-to-one work, small group work and peer tutoring. Group work is suggested by many as a good way to differentiate as learners working in groups are able to create knowledge with their peers, help each other to learn, use discussion and
apportion tasks based on the relative strengths of the group.


Since the Program Department is the academic and professional counselor, they will not be able to handle fragmental information related to operation, such as number of lessons taught, number of professional meetings, every detail of the discussion in the ESL team, number of teachers added/reduced, etc.


A balance needs to be met between the use of group work and teacher instruction. As John Hattie (2008) argues, direct instruction done properly has a greater impact on learning than group work done incorrectly or inappropriately.
Also, when reporting to the Program Department, managers should pay attention that the report must be evaluative and directional. The Program Department will discuss professional issues that are central to the program implementation, clarify the orientation and action plans. For example: summarizing and reflecting on assessment data after 1-2 months of implementation, training needs and ways to support teaching staff, etc.
<br />
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
|}<!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --> 
|}


{| style="margin:0 0 0 0; background:none; width:100%; margin-top:3px; background:transparent;"
'''Reporting contents'''
| style="width:50%; border:2px solid #52a084; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; -moz-border-radius: 20px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:5px;" |
<div class="wikipedia-ko manual main-box" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; flex: 1;">
<div class="wikipedia-ko participation-header" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.3em; overflow: auto;">
<span class="heading" style="display: inline-block; height: 2rem; line-height: 2rem; padding-left: .5rem; padding-right: 1rem; margin: .6rem 0; border-radius: 0 1rem 1rem 0; background-color: #b46292; color:#FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">'''Group work'''</span></div>
Teachers should employ variety in their classrooms, using a mixture of whole-class instruction, one-to-one work, small group work and peer tutoring. Group work is suggested by many as a good way to differentiate as learners working in groups are able to create knowledge with their peers, help each other to learn, use discussion and
apportion tasks based on the relative strengths of the group.


* Report on curriculum implementation: Curriculum evaluation is to examine the impact of implemented curriculum on student achievement. The data and feedback from the curriculum evaluation will drive changes and upgrades and help the Program Department determine future policies.
* Report on teaching & learning situation: This is to make reasonable adjustments to management approach. The campus’ managers are responsible for providing data on learning results and teaching situations of the ESL subject to the Program Department (and the CEO) . However, the data or information contained in this report should not be meant to inform, but should aim to suggest improvements/corrections so that the Program Department can review and provide consultation accordingly. <br />


A balance needs to be met between the use of group work and teacher instruction. As John Hattie (2008) argues, direct instruction done properly has a greater impact on learning than group work done incorrectly or inappropriately.
<br />
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; background:transparent;"
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây -->
|}<!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI -->   
|}<!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI -->   
|}
|}<!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây --><!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --><!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây --><!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --><!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây --><!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI --><!-- Muốn đặt text vào hộp 1 thì để ở đây --><!-- GÓC TRÊN BÊN PHẢI -->

Latest revision as of 08:55, 15 September 2022

Teacher evaluation
The Heads of Department and School Board will use the Classroom Observation Rubric (COR) in a rigorous manner to provide evaluation of teachers’ performance. The campus-level leaders will be advised by the Program Department during the evaluation process to be able to carry out this work independently, accurately and efficiently.


In addition to formal evaluation, CORs can be used for feedback sessions, which lays a good basis for training and professional development. The COR helps administrators guide teachers on how teachers are assessed in class time and provide advice on how to make adjustments in teaching methods.


The effects of the COR will be maximized if it is used regularly so that there is a database to help administrators gain both a holistic and detailed view of the teachers’ capacity.

Curriculum Evaluation

Curriculum evaluation is essential in the process of implementing any curriculum with the purpose of deciding whether the adopted curriculum is producing the intended outcomes. It also helps identify areas in need of improvement or change so that the revision and updates are made for a better version of the curriculum.


The fundamental concerns of curriculum evaluation relate to:

  • Effectiveness and feasibility of translating the curriculum framework and policy into educational practices
  • Status of curriculum contents and practices in real contexts
  • The achievement of the aims of the program


At the campus level, curriculum evaluation is an internal process conducted by teachers, heads of departments and school boards. It involves a stage of team discussion when all stakeholders collaborate to:

  • draw out key insights to inform and improve the future application
  • share opinions and experiences and thus gaining deeper understanding of the curriculum
  • make recommendations for improving the curriculum


For effective collaborative reflection, the following steps should be followed:

  • STEP 1: The Heads of Department communicate the necessity of this regular reflective practice and provide guidance to team reflection.
  • STEP 2: Teachers teaching the same stage in each campus discuss and reflect on the units/lessons in the curriculum.
  • STEP 3: The Heads of Department/level leaders make good notes of the discussion and fill in the survey form to send reports to the Department Program.
Reporting


Heads of Department take responsibility for reporting to the School Board, the Program Department and the System Leaders.

School Boards take responsibility for reporting to the System Leaders.

Reporting Principles

Campus-level leaders are responsible for ensuring the quality of program implementation at the campus. This means they must play the role of verifying and approving their teaching team's educational work, evaluating teachers and reporting regularly. During this process, the Program Department will act as a professional advisor to the campus’ management staff.

Since the Program Department is the academic and professional counselor, they will not be able to handle fragmental information related to operation, such as number of lessons taught, number of professional meetings, every detail of the discussion in the ESL team, number of teachers added/reduced, etc.

Also, when reporting to the Program Department, managers should pay attention that the report must be evaluative and directional. The Program Department will discuss professional issues that are central to the program implementation, clarify the orientation and action plans. For example: summarizing and reflecting on assessment data after 1-2 months of implementation, training needs and ways to support teaching staff, etc.

Reporting contents

  • Report on curriculum implementation: Curriculum evaluation is to examine the impact of implemented curriculum on student achievement. The data and feedback from the curriculum evaluation will drive changes and upgrades and help the Program Department determine future policies.
  • Report on teaching & learning situation: This is to make reasonable adjustments to management approach. The campus’ managers are responsible for providing data on learning results and teaching situations of the ESL subject to the Program Department (and the CEO) . However, the data or information contained in this report should not be meant to inform, but should aim to suggest improvements/corrections so that the Program Department can review and provide consultation accordingly.